I picked the British War of the Roses to do a report on. You might've heard of it, briefly in a history class, or in a Jeopardy question, but if you're reading this, you probably don't know what it was, and were curious enough to look it up. So I will explain a little.
The War of the Roses was a British Civil Wars fought in the mid-1400's between two Houses (noble families), Lancaster and York. The reason they are called the Wars of the Roses is because the symbol of both houses is a rose, a red one for Lancaster and a white one for York.
Right before the start of the War of the Roses, England was being ruled by King Henry VI, of the house of Lancaster, who was mentally unstable. Richard Plantagenet, the Duke of York was one of his most faithful advisors. In 1450 he returned from abroad to personally advise the king and oppose his rival, the duke of Somerset, who was another advisor to the king.
In 1453, King Henry VI got sick with some kind of paralyzing disease, so Richard of York assumed the title of Protector, which gave him control of England in the king’s absence, and he used this sudden upswing of power to try to take out the duke of Somerset. Somerset was taken to the Tower of London, under charges of incompetence.
Finally, the king recovered from his sickness in January 1455. Richard of York lost his title as Protector, the duke of Somerset was released, and the fighting came to a temporary end.
Richard of York still had a place in the court, but he missed his power as Protector and was planning to fight King Henry for the throne. He was also worried about Somerset, as he had been released from the Tower, and was making alliances with the dukes of Northumberland and Clifford. Somerset knew Richard was planning to take over the throne, and he (Somerset) wanted Henry to keep it. Since Henry was of the house of Lancaster, they became known as the Lancastrians, while York and his allies, Warwick and Salisbury, called themselves the Yorkists.
That began a long series of battles that lasted more than 30 years, and several rulers. King Henry VI was replaced by Edward IV (of York). This was probably the most important event in the War, because this was the transfer of power from Lancaster to York. If the Lancastrians hadn't kept attacking afterwards, the war would have been won.
Edward IV was succeeded by his son, Edward, but he was declared illegitimate. Edward V and his brother were those two famous royals murdered in the Tower of London. Their deaths are still shrouded in mystery. Edward V was followed by Richard III (also of York), who was the king in 1485.
By then, both the York and Lancaster houses were severely weakened, leaving them both open to attack form a foreign county. Henry VII, from Wales, saw his opportunity and attacked the Lancastrians, defeating them easily. After defeating York as well, the throne belonged to the House of Tudor; First Henry VII, and then his descendants took their turns on the throne.
